Browse 24 totality of the circumstances test cases decided by First Circuit. AI-powered summaries, holdings, and legal analysis.
First Circuit Upholds Warrantless Vehicle Search Based on Probable Cause
United States v. McBreairty, decided by First Circuit on February 20, 2026, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of the defendant's motion to sup...
First Circuit: Probable Cause for Vehicle Search Based on Marijuana Odor and Paraphernalia
United States v. Minor, decided by First Circuit on January 27, 2026, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evidence seize...
Probable Cause Justifies Vehicle Search Despite Traffic Stop
United States v. Diaz-Colon, decided by First Circuit on December 22, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evidence...
First Circuit: Probable Cause Justified Vehicle Search After Traffic Stop
Terenzio v. Urena, decided by First Circuit on December 18, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evidence seized fr...
Consent to search electronic devices was voluntary despite language barrier
United States v. Medoff, decided by First Circuit on November 18, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evidence obt...
First Circuit Upholds Warrantless Vehicle Search Based on Probable Cause
United States v. Maldonado-Vargas, decided by First Circuit on November 14, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of the defendant's motion ...
Search of vehicle upheld based on probable cause and plain view doctrine
Calderon-Amezquita v. Rivera-Cruz, decided by First Circuit on October 30, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit reviewed a district court's denial of a motion to suppress evide...
First Circuit Upholds Border Patrol Vehicle Stop Based on Reasonable Suspicion
United States v. Duluc-Mendez, decided by First Circuit on October 15, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evidenc...
First Circuit Upholds Border Patrol Vehicle Stop Based on Reasonable Suspicion
United States v. Casillas-Montero, decided by First Circuit on September 16, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress e...
First Circuit Upholds Warrantless Vehicle Search Based on Probable Cause
United States v. Medina, decided by First Circuit on September 9, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of the defendant's motion to suppres...
First Circuit Affirms Denial of Motion to Suppress Evidence
United States v. Vick, decided by First Circuit on July 30, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evidence seized fr...
First Circuit Upholds Warrantless Vehicle Search Based on Probable Cause
United States v. Freeman, decided by First Circuit on July 29, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of the defendant's motion to suppress e...
Border Patrol Reasonable Suspicion for Vehicle Stop Affirmed
United States v. Reyes-Ballista, decided by First Circuit on July 25, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evidence...
Border Patrol had reasonable suspicion for vehicle stop and probable cause for search
United States v. Flores-Nater, decided by First Circuit on July 14, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evidence s...
Consent to Search Vehicle Was Voluntary, Court Rules
United States v. Garcia-Oquendo, decided by First Circuit on July 14, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evidence...
First Circuit Upholds Warrantless Vehicle Search Based on Probable Cause
United States v. Reyes-Rosario, decided by First Circuit on July 2, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of the defendant's motion to suppr...
Consent to vehicle search upheld despite language barrier
United States v. Burgos-Montes, decided by First Circuit on June 30, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evidence ...
First Circuit Upholds Warrantless Vehicle Search Based on Corroborated Informant Tip
United States v. Aceituno, decided by First Circuit on June 2, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of the defendant's motion to suppress e...
Consent to vehicle search voluntary despite language barrier, court finds
United States v. Vazquez-Narvaez, decided by First Circuit on April 9, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evidenc...
First Circuit Upholds Vehicle Search Based on Voluntary Consent
Aceituno v. United States, decided by First Circuit on March 27, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of the defendant's motion to suppress...
Fourth Amendment Search and Seizure: Court Affirms Defendant's Victory
Duarte De Martinez v. Bondi, decided by First Circuit on March 19, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The plaintiff, Duarte De Martinez, sought to recover damages from the defendant, Bondi, fo...
Consent to search vehicle was voluntary despite language barrier
United States v. Martinez-Mercado, decided by First Circuit on March 19, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evide...
Border Patrol Reasonable Suspicion for Vehicle Stop Affirmed
Forteza-Garcia v. United States, decided by First Circuit on March 3, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evidence...
Probable Cause Justified Vehicle Search, Court Rules
United States v. Salvador Gutierrez, decided by First Circuit on February 13, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The First Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress ...
CaseLawBrief currently tracks 24 totality of the circumstances test cases from First Circuit. This number is updated as new opinions are published.
Outcome breakdown: Defendant Win: 24.
Each case page on CaseLawBrief includes an AI-generated plain English summary, key holdings, and legal analysis. Click any case above to read its full analysis.