Browse 25 totality of the circumstances test cases decided by Fourth Circuit. AI-powered summaries, holdings, and legal analysis.
Fourth Circuit: Informant Tip Corroborated by Police Observation Justifies Traffic Stop and Vehicle Search
United States v. Naeem Jones, decided by Fourth Circuit on April 14, 2026, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Naeem Jones' motion to suppre...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Vehicle Search Based on Corroborated Informant Tip
United States v. Sergio Murillo, decided by Fourth Circuit on March 5, 2026, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Sergio Murillo's motion to ...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Vehicle Stop Based on Reliable BOLO
United States v. Daqua Ritter, decided by Fourth Circuit on February 18, 2026, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Daqua Ritter's motion to ...
Fourth Circuit: Odor of Marijuana and Suspicious Behavior Justify Vehicle Search
United States v. Jennifer McDonald, decided by Fourth Circuit on February 5, 2026, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Jennifer McDonald's m...
Fourth Circuit: Probable Cause for Vehicle Search Based on Marijuana Odor and Paraphernalia
United States v. James Jacobs, decided by Fourth Circuit on January 21, 2026, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of James Jacobs' motion to su...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Vehicle Search Based on Probable Cause
United States v. Jaquate Simpson, decided by Fourth Circuit on January 21, 2026, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress ev...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Vehicle Search Based on Probable Cause
United States v. Landis Jackson, decided by Fourth Circuit on January 21, 2026, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evi...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Vehicle Search Based on Probable Cause
Robert Moore v. State of Maryland, decided by Fourth Circuit on January 7, 2026, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress ev...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Warrantless Vehicle Search Based on Probable Cause
Sabara Roberts v. J. Evans, decided by Fourth Circuit on January 6, 2026, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evidence ...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Vehicle Search Based on Probable Cause
United States v. Christopher Arthur, decided by Fourth Circuit on December 3, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of the defendant's moti...
Fourth Circuit: Nervousness and air freshener justify extended traffic stop
United States v. Carlos Robinson, decided by Fourth Circuit on November 20, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Carlos Robinson's moti...
Fourth Circuit: Marijuana Odor and Butt Provide Probable Cause for Car Search
United States v. Tony Le, decided by Fourth Circuit on November 18, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Tony Le's motion to suppress e...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Vehicle Search Based on Probable Cause
United States v. Wilson Tita, decided by Fourth Circuit on November 18, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evide...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Warrantless Vehicle Search Based on Probable Cause
United States v. Young Yoo, decided by Fourth Circuit on November 18, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of the defendant's motion to su...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Vehicle Search Based on Reasonable Suspicion and Probable Cause
United States v. Marian Hudak, decided by Fourth Circuit on October 7, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Marian Hudak's motion to su...
Fourth Circuit: Nervousness and inconsistent answers justify extended traffic stop
United States v. Herbert Murillo-Lopez, decided by Fourth Circuit on August 18, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Herbert Murillo-Lo...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Warrantless Vehicle Search Based on Probable Cause
United States v. Duglas Ferrera, decided by Fourth Circuit on August 14, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of the defendant's motion to...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Warrantless Vehicle Search Under Automobile Exception
United States v. Henry Martinez, decided by Fourth Circuit on August 14, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of the defendant's motion to...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Warrantless Search Based on Informant Tip and Prior Conviction
Sulma Guandique-De Romero v. Pamela Bondi, decided by Fourth Circuit on August 13, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to sup...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Warrant Based on Probable Cause Despite Staleness Argument
United States v. Thomas Faulls, Sr., decided by Fourth Circuit on August 5, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress e...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Traffic Stop Based on Fog Line Crossing and Informant Tip
Evy Orellana v. Deputy United States Marshal Ryan Godec, decided by Fourth Circuit on July 30, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of the...
Fourth Circuit: Probable Cause Justified Vehicle Search Despite Marijuana Odor Rule
United States v. Eric Walton, decided by Fourth Circuit on July 28, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Eric Walton's motion to suppre...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Vehicle Search Based on Marijuana Odor and Plain View
United States v. Andrew Krueger, decided by Fourth Circuit on July 25, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Andrew Krueger's motion to ...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Traffic Stop Based on Erratic Driving
United States v. Edin Solis-Rodriguez, decided by Fourth Circuit on July 23, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of the defendant's motio...
Fourth Circuit Upholds Warrant, Denies Suppression of Evidence
Katrina Robertson v. United States, decided by Fourth Circuit on July 22, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Fourth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of the appellant's motion t...
CaseLawBrief currently tracks 25 totality of the circumstances test cases from Fourth Circuit. This number is updated as new opinions are published.
Outcome breakdown: Defendant Win: 25.
Each case page on CaseLawBrief includes an AI-generated plain English summary, key holdings, and legal analysis. Click any case above to read its full analysis.