Browse 25 totality of the circumstances test cases decided by Sixth Circuit. AI-powered summaries, holdings, and legal analysis.
Sixth Circuit: Probable cause justified vehicle search despite no marijuana found
United States v. Stephen Duane Woods, Jr., decided by Sixth Circuit on March 10, 2026, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Stephen Duane Wood...
Sixth Circuit Affirms Summary Judgment for City in Excessive Force Case
Jennifer Kilnapp v. City of Cleveland, Ohio, decided by Sixth Circuit on February 18, 2026, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's grant of summary judgme...
Sixth Circuit: Probable Cause Justified Vehicle Search Despite Marijuana Odor Rule
United States v. David Myrie, decided by Sixth Circuit on February 17, 2026, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of David Myrie's motion to supp...
Sixth Circuit: Odor of Marijuana, Paraphernalia, and Nervousness Establish Probable Cause for Vehicle Search
United States v. Chad Christopher Taylor, decided by Sixth Circuit on January 30, 2026, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Chad Christopher ...
Nervousness and location justify extended traffic stop, court rules
United States v. Joe'Veon Penson Willis, decided by Sixth Circuit on December 18, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of the defendant's m...
Sixth Circuit Upholds Vehicle Search Based on Furtive Movements and Marijuana Smell
United States v. Adam Daniel-DeJesus Santos, decided by Sixth Circuit on December 16, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to s...
Sixth Circuit Affirms Vehicle Search Based on Probable Cause
United States v. Milder Escobar-Temal, decided by Sixth Circuit on December 15, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppres...
Sixth Circuit: Marijuana odor, cash, and nervousness establish probable cause for vehicle search.
United States v. Troy Williams, decided by Sixth Circuit on December 12, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Troy Williams' motion to s...
Sixth Circuit Upholds Vehicle Search, Denies Suppression Motion
United States v. Donald Sims, decided by Sixth Circuit on December 10, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Donald Sims' motion to suppr...
Consent to search vehicle extends to phone found inside
United States v. Stacy Owens, decided by Sixth Circuit on December 8, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evidence...
Sixth Circuit: Informant Tip Justified Vehicle Stop and Search
United States v. Gene Curtis Roper, decided by Sixth Circuit on December 4, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Gene Curtis Roper's mot...
Sixth Circuit: Probable cause justified vehicle search based on totality of circumstances
United States v. Ronald DiPietro, decided by Sixth Circuit on November 17, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Ronald DiPietro's motion...
Consent to Vehicle Search Was Voluntary, Court Rules
Juan Carlos Pastor-Hernandez v. Pamela Bondi, decided by Sixth Circuit on October 17, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to s...
Sixth Circuit: Probable cause justified vehicle search despite marijuana legalization
United States v. Markel Livingston, decided by Sixth Circuit on October 17, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Markel Livingston's mot...
Sixth Circuit: Consent to search electronic devices was voluntary
United States v. John Gordon, decided by Sixth Circuit on October 14, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of John Gordon's motion to suppr...
Sixth Circuit: BOLO for drug activity provides reasonable suspicion for traffic stop
United States v. Derek Duane Riley, decided by Sixth Circuit on October 9, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Derek Riley's motion to ...
Sixth Circuit: Probable Cause Justified Warrantless Vehicle Search
United States v. Cody Ballinger, decided by Sixth Circuit on September 23, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to suppress evi...
Sixth Circuit Upholds Vehicle Search Based on Marijuana Odor and Admission
Miguel Angel Guzman-Torralva v. Pamela Bondi, decided by Sixth Circuit on September 17, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit reviewed the denial of Miguel Angel Guzman-Torralva...
Sixth Circuit: Odor of Marijuana and Plain View Blunt Justify Vehicle Search
United States v. Jayon Florence, decided by Sixth Circuit on September 4, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Jayon Florence's motion t...
Sixth Circuit Upholds Vehicle Search Based on Probable Cause and Plain View
Riccy Mabel Enriquez-Perdomo v. Ricardo Newman, decided by Sixth Circuit on August 20, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of a motion to ...
Sixth Circuit: Probable Cause Supported Vehicle Search Based on Informant Tip
United States v. Phillip Barnes, decided by Sixth Circuit on August 14, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Phillip Barnes' motion to s...
Sixth Circuit: Smell of Marijuana and Paraphernalia Justify Vehicle Search
United States v. Devante Glenn, decided by Sixth Circuit on July 28, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Devante Glenn's motion to supp...
Sixth Circuit: Cell phone search incident to arrest permissible if safety/evidence at risk
United States v. David Jason Parkey, decided by Sixth Circuit on July 9, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of David Jason Parkey's motio...
Sixth Circuit: Odor of Marijuana, Furtive Movements, and Plain View Justify Vehicle Search
United States v. Rodney Hamilton Higgins, Jr., decided by Sixth Circuit on June 27, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Rodney Hamilton...
Sixth Circuit Upholds Vehicle Search Based on Corroborated Informant Tip
United States v. Edwin Santiago, decided by Sixth Circuit on June 6, 2025, resulted in a defendant win outcome. The Sixth Circuit affirmed the district court's denial of Edwin Santiago's motion to sup...
CaseLawBrief currently tracks 25 totality of the circumstances test cases from Sixth Circuit. This number is updated as new opinions are published.
Outcome breakdown: Defendant Win: 25.
Each case page on CaseLawBrief includes an AI-generated plain English summary, key holdings, and legal analysis. Click any case above to read its full analysis.